Slavistična revija

Ključne besede: empirična literarna znanost | električni potenciali možganov | metode analize signala | kognitivna nevroznanost | tiho branje | jezikovna obdelava | ERP povprečenje | empirical literary study | electrical potential of the brain | signal analysis methods | cognitive neuroscience | silent reading | linguistic processing | ERP averaging

Sinopsis: Članek je prvi del dvodelno in pregledno zasnovanega prispevka o uporabi elektroencefalografske (EEG) metode za namene analize (literarnega) branja. Najprej sta predstavljeni metoda EEG in vsebina EEG zapisa. Ta beleži kontinuirane spremembe električne napetosti na površju glave (članek I), ki odražajo spremembe možganskih ritmov (članek II). Zatem je pozornost namenjena metodi ERP povprečenja. Z njo spremljamo povprečne spremembe elektrofizioloških signalov med večjim številom ponovitev miselnih poskusov, kar nam omogoča časovno natančno beleženje sprememb v možganski aktivnosti pri branju določene besede, besedne zveze ali stavka. Rezultati ERP raziskav predstavljajo referenčni okvir, ko se lotevamo eksperimentalnega raziskovanja možganskih aktivnosti pri branju literarnih besedil.

Abstract: The article is the first part of a two-part survey on the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) method in the analysis of (literary) reading. The authors first present the EEG method and the content of the EEG recording. The latter registers continuous changes in voltage on the head's surface (article I), which reflect changes in the brain's rhythm (article II). After that, they focus on the method of ERP averaging, with which they observe average changes in the electrophysiological signals between numerous repetitions of the thought experiment; that enables a precise recording of the changes in brain activity during reading of a certain word, word phrase, or sentence. The results of the ERP studies represent a referential framework for tackling experimental research in brain activity during reading of literary texts.

Ključne besede: slovenska književnost | slovenski pesniki | konstruktivizem | branje | percepcija | nevropsihološke funkcije | Slovene literature | Slovene poets | constructivism | reading | perception | neuropsychological functions

Sinopsis: Članek sintetizira spoznanja o konstruktivističnih elementih Kosovelove poezije, ki jih v svoji knjigi Srečko Kosovel: Monografija opiše Janez Vrečko, ter nevroznanstvena spoznanja o delovanju človeške percepcije (Semir Zeki) in percepcije med branjem (Jaana Simola). Ugotovimo, da Kosovelova pesem Sferično zrcalo vsebuje sedem ključnih konstruktivističnih principov in devet konstruktivističnih elementov, ki imajo na ravni nevrobiologije percepcije natančno določene nevropsihološke učinke. Ključno spoznanje pričujoče razprave je, da nevropsihološke funkcije Sferičnega zrcala podpirajo in konstruirajo vsebinsko-sporočilno zasnovo pesmi.

Abstract: The article synthesizes scientific knowledge on constructivist elements of Kosovel's poetry proposed by Janez Vrečko in his latest book Constructivism and Kosovel and recent neuroaesthetic discoveries on the working of human perception (Semir Zeki) and on reading perception (Jaana Simola). Kosovel's poem "Spherical Mirror" entails seven constructivist principles and nine constructivist elements. Furthermore, some of them have a specific neuropsychological function. The comparative analysis shows that these neuropsychological functions support and help to construct the meaning of the analyzed poem.

Ključne besede: slovenska književnost | kratka proza | črtica | noveleta | poetični realizem | iluzijski prostori | atmosfera | heterotopija | vrtovi | Slovene literature | short story | novelette | poetic realism | illusory spaces | athmosphere | heterotopia | gardens

Sinopsis: Prispevek najprej predstavi Foucaultovo dvojno pojmovanje heterotopije in Böhmejevo razumevanje atmosfere v okviru ekološke estetike narave, nato se osredini na heterotopije vrtov v Tavčarjevih črticah in noveletah ter jih opazuje tudi z ekokritiškega vidika. V čustveno, mestoma impresionistično ubesedenih vrtovih, ki referirajo tudi na stvarne lokacije, je prepoznavna matrica locusa amoenus. Zapisujejo se kot drugi prostori, največkrat v vlogi romantične heterotopije, kar pomeni, da od referenčnih družbenih prostorov 19. stoletja niso povsem izolirani, ampak vzpostavljajo z njimi relacijska razmerja, jih zrcalijo in spodkopavajo.

Abstract: The article first presents Foucault's dual view of heterotopia and Böhme's understanding of the atmosphere in the context of the ecological aesthetics of nature, and later focuses on heterotopic gardens in Tavčar's short stories and novelettes and also observes them from the point of view of eco-criticism. Tavčar's emotional, sometimes impressionistically depicted gardens, which also refer to concrete locations, reflect the matrix of locus amoenus. They describe themselves as other spaces, most often in the role of romantic heterotopias, which means that they are not completely isolated from referential social spaces of the 19th-century realism, but, rather, they create relational ties with them, i.e., they reflect and undermine them.

Ključne besede: slovenska književnost | sodobni slovenski roman | tok zavesti | monolog | notranji monolog | dialog | prosti odvisni govor | doživljeni govor | posredovanje govora | Slovene literature | contemporary Slovene novel | stream of consciousness | monologue | internal monologue | dialogue | free indirect speech | mediation of speech

Sinopsis: Raziskava sodobnega slovenskega romana zadnjih let (1990-2015) je pokazala, da se je delež govora v njem povečal zaradi več razlogov; najpogostejši je težnja po mimetičnosti in razlikovalnosti govora kot sredstva karakterizacije, prisotna pa je tudi težnja po posodobitvi in deavtomatizaciji pripovedi. Prvo težnjo sem analizirala v romanu Čefurji raus Gorana Vojnovića, drugo pa v romanu Da me je strah? Maruše Krese. Prvi roman je primer tradicionalnega vnosa monologa in dialoga, dialogi pa so v smislu scenarizacije napisani kot prizori, drugi pa je v prepletu monologa, dialoga, notranjega monologa in doživljenega govora znatno bolj sodoben in zapleten - prav sinkretičnost njegovih govornih tehnik se z večperspektivnostjo odpira inovativni družbeni kritiki.

Abstract: Research in the contemporary Slovene novel (1990-2015) has shown an increase in the share of speech. The main reason for this is a tendency for mimesis in speech as a means of characterization. This tendency was analyzed in the novel Čefurji raus! by Goran Vojnović. There is also a tendency for deautomatization and renovation of narration, which was analyzed in the novel Da me je strah? by Maruša Krese. The former is an example of a traditional presentation of monologue and dialogue, i.e., with speech tags and dialogue as a part of a screenplay, whereas the latter is a combination of monologue, dialogue, internal monologue, and free indirect speech, all of which make Krese's novel much more contemporary/innovative and complex. It is this multi-perspective syncretism of various speech techniques that invites innovative social criticism.

Ključne besede: slovenska književnost | meščanski psihološki roman | dijaški roman | medvojna slovenska književnost | literarna recepcija | Slovene literature | bourgeois psychological novel, | student novel | Slovenian wartime literature | literary reception

Sinopsis: Članek se ukvarja z romanom Prebujenje (1943), ki ga je napisal slovenski pisatelj Zorko Simčič. V ospredju je vprašanje interpretacije romana, vprašanje njegove vloge v medvojni slovenski književnosti in vprašanje njegove recepcije. Prebujenje je meščanski psihološki roman, ki je nastal kot reakcija na tedaj prevladujočo kmečko pripovedno prozo. Protagonist romana je dijak Dušan Biljanski, pisec humoresk in feljtonov, ki si želi napisati veličastno literarno delo. Glavni razlog, ki je Simčiča spodbudil k pisanju, je bil razpis za Finžgarjevo literarno nagrado. Čeprav je ni prejel, se je Nova založba odločila za izdajo. Roman je prejel Prešernovo nagrado mesta Ljubljane in bil kritiško pozitivno sprejet. Čeprav doslej še ni bil literarnovedno obravnavan, ne moremo trditi, da je bil zamolčan.

Abstract: The paper deals with the novel Prebujenje (1943), written by the Slovenian writer Zorko Simčič. The main issues addressed in the paper are the question of interpretation of the novel, the question of its role in the Slovenian wartime literature, and the question of its reception. Prebujenje is a bourgeois psychological novel that was conceived as a reaction to the until then prevailing rural narrative prose. The protagonist of the novel is the student Dušan Biljanski who writes humorous short stories and feuilletons and wants to write a great literary work. The main reason that Simčič decided to write the novel was the Finžgar literary award. Although the novel eventually did not receive the award, the publishing house Nova založba nevertheless decided to publish it. The novel has received the Prešeren Award of the city of Ljubljana and has been positively accepted by literary critics. While the novel has not received a literary analysis, it would be incorrect to say that it has been ignored.

Ključne besede: srbska književnost | srbska dramatika | postmodernizem | odprta drama | pravljica | Serbian literature | Serbian drama | postmodernism | open drama | fairy tale

Sinopsis: Z analizo soobstoja več tipov besedil v drami Milene Marković Barčica za punčke zavrnemo oznako drame kot postmodernistične. Pravljice v obravnavani drami namreč ne delujejo fragmentirajoče, ampak obstajajo analogije med vsemi uporabljenimi pravljicami v smislu zgodb o junakovem iskanju. Pravljice sodelujejo z drugimi tipi besedil v drami, dialogi v slengu in pesmimi, s katerimi podpirajo učinek kot da in strukturirajo dramsko fabulo, zato sopostavitev različnih tipov besedil ni znamenje postmodernističnosti drame.

Abstract: With the analysis of coexistence of several types of texts in Milena Marković's drama Brod za lutke one rejects the labeling of the drama as postmodern. The fairy tales in the drama are not fragmenting it; instead, all the fairy tales are connected by analogies in terms of stories about the protagonist's search. The fairy tales contribute to the drama with other types of texts, dialogues in slang, and songs, with which they support the effect "as if" and structure the plot, hence the juxtaposition of different types of texts does not indicate that the drama is postmodern.

Ključne besede: srbska književmost | literarni kritiki | esejistični diskurz | dadaizem | zenitizem | nadrealizem | tradicionalna metrika | antiestetika | moralo vprašanje umetnosti | srbska književnost | literary critics | essayistic discourse | Dadaism | Zenitism | Surrealism | traditional metrics | anti-aesthetic | moral issue of art

Sinopsis: Na temelju Ratkovićevih promišljanja o poeziji, a potom i o funkciji i prirodi umjetnosti u doba avangardnih rasijavanja, današnji proučavalac njegovog djela može adekvatno rekonstruisati pjesnikovu, vrlo razuđenu i transformativnu poetičku misao. Cjelokupni Ratkovićev esejistički diskurs eklektički inkorporiran u djelu Esejistika i kritika, jeste fundamentalno svjedočanstvo svih poetičkih varijacija koje su veoma frekventne i u njegovoj poeziji, budući da njegova literarnost varira od neoromantičarskog prosedea, preko zenitističkih, dadaističkih i nadrealističkih refleksa, pa sve do krajnjeg i konačnog opredjeljenja za socrealističku profilisanost poetskih tekstova.

Abstract: Based on Ratković's notions about poetry and on his ideas about the function and nature of art during the spread of avant-garde movement, today's researchers of his work can adequately reconstruct his very intricate, yet transformative thought. The overall Ratković's essayistic discourse, eclectically incorporated in the work of Esejistika i kritika [Essays and Criticism], is a fundamental testimony of all poetic variations frequently found in his poetry, as his literary expression varies from neo-romanticism through Zenitism, Dadaism, and surrealist reflection, to the final and definitive commitment to social realist profile of his poetic texts.

Ključne besede: slovaška književnost | slovaški literarni naturizem | socialistični realizem | literarni shematizem | 1945-1955 | Slovak literature | Slovak literary naturism | socialist realism | literary schematism | 1945-1955

Sinopsis: Slovaška kulturno-literarna situacija v desetletju po drugi svetovni vojni je ostro razdeljena na dva dela. Prvo obdobje, ki traja do leta 1949, je nadaljevanje predvojnega pluralizma, ki pa je delno okrnjen. Na novo se v slovaški literaturi pojavi izrazita tematika eksistencialnega nemira, ki odraža grozote končane vojne. Drugo obdobje pa predstavlja ostro zarezo v slovaško družbo in kulturo, saj je po komunističnem prevratu leta 1948 po vzoru Sovjetske zveze vpeljana kulturna reforma z edino dopustno idejno-estetsko orientacijo: socialističnim realizmom.

Abstract: The Slovak cultural and literary situation in the decade after the end of World War II is divided into two periods. The first period, lasting until 1949, is a continuation of the prewar pluralism, but with some limitations. Awareness of the atrocities of war results in existential anxiety that becomes one of the main themes in Slovak literature. The second period introduces a sharp break with the past into Slovak society and culture, since after the Communist coup in 1948 a cultural reform is implemented. The reform introduces the only permissible conceptual-aesthetic orientation - Socialist Realism.

Ključne besede: slovenščina | leksikologija | leksem | leksikografija | terminologija | neologizem | neosemantem | Slovenian language | lexicology | lexeme | lexicography | terminology | neologism | neo-semanteme

Sinopsis: Članek prinaša predstavitev meril za opredelitev novejše leksike in dosedanjo terminološko rabo v slovenskem jezikoslovju. Ker je področje obravnave novejše leksike na Slovenskem razmeroma novo, so slovenske opredelitve in terminološke rabe neenotne in za novejšo leksiko zasledimo različne definicije in poimenovanja; najpogostejša so neologizem, novota, novejši leksem in novejša beseda za posamezno leksikalno enoto ter novejše besedje in novejša leksika za zbirko leksemov.

Abstract: The article presents the criteria for defining newer lexicon and the terminology that has been used for it in German and Slovene. Since the topic of treatment of newer lexicon is fairly new in Slovenia, Slovene usage of terminology is inconsistent and various terms and definitions for newer lexicon can be found. The most common terms are novejše besedje, novejša leksika, novota, and neologizem.