Implementing Language Planning in Toronto's Slovene Community

Authors

  • Tadej Kralj Osnovna šola narodnega heroja Rajka Hrastnik

Keywords:

Canadian Slovenes, Slovene Language, Heritage Language, Users of Slovene Language, Language Planning

Abstract

21st-century language policy faces the challenge of the increasingly intense coexistence of local and global ethnic immigrant communities. Heritage languages are confronting the impact of globalization, and the task of language planning is to support languages with national policies and ideology applicable at the local level. Language planning requires a thoughtful effort to influence language behavior so that people are motivated to learn the heritage language, especially as part of identifying with the culture of their ancestral country. Language planning is implemented on several levels. At the macro level, language planning refers to prescriptive government legislation and state institutions in the host country. The ar­ticle presents the method of managing the use of the Slovene language in the Toronto Slovene community, presenting language planning primarily at the micro level, which is essential for smaller immigrant communities.

References

Themistoklis Aravossitas, 2014: Communities Taking the Land: Maping Heritage Language Education Assets. Rethinking Heritage Language Education. Ur. Peter Pericles Trifonas, Themistoklis Aravossitas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 141–66.

Richard Baldauf, 2006: Rearticulating the Case for Micro Language Planning in a Language Ecology Context. Current Issues in Language Planning 7. 147–70.

Gary Barkhuizen, Ute Knoch, 2006: Macro-Level policy and Micro-Level planning: Afrikaans-Speaking Immigrants in New Zealand. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 29. 03.1–0.3.18.

Canadian Multiculturalism Act. Na spletu.

Robert Cooper, 1989: Language Planning and Social Change. Canadian Modern Language Review 50. 189–90.

Jim Cummins, 2014: Mainstreaming plurilingualism: Restructing Heritage Language Provision in Schools. Rethinking Heritage Language Education. Ur. Peter Pericles Trifonas, Themistoklis Aravossitas: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1–19.

Alenka Čuš, 2017: Pomen vzgoje in izobraževanja za vitalnost slovenske skupnosti v Torontu. Doktorska disertacija. Koper. Na spletu.

Michael Dewing, 2013: Canadian Multiculturalism. Parliament of Canada. Na spletu.

Quentin Dixon, Jing Zhao, Blanca Quiroz, Jeeyoung Shin, 2012: Home and community factors influencing bilingual children‘s ethnic language vocabulary development. International Journal of Bilingualism 16. 541–65.

Joshua Fishman, 1991: Reversing language shift. Clevedon, UK. Multilingual Matters.

Joshua Fishman, 2001: 300-plus Years of Heritage Language Education in the United States: Heritage Languages in America. Washington DC: Center fo Applied Linguistics & Delta Systems.

Howard Giles, Patricia Johnson, 1987: Ethnolinguistic identity theory: a social psychological approach to language maintenance. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 68. 69–99.

Matejka Grgič, 2017: Teoretska izhodišča in metodološki okvir pri izdelavi uporabnikom prijaznega spletišča: primer platforme SmeJse – slovenščina kot manjšinski jezik. Slovenščina 2.0 2. 85–112. Na spletu.

Matejka Grgič, 2020: Kdo se boji slovenščine? Ideološko načrtovanje in (ne)implementacija jezikovnih strategij med Slovenci v Italiji. Teorija in praksa 57/posebna številka. 109–26.

Martin Guardado, 2010: Heritage language development: Preserving a mythic past or envisioning the future of Canadian identity? Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 9/5. 329–46.

International Languages Elementary (ILE) Program. Na spletu.

Wsevolod Isajiw, 1993: Definition and dimensions of ethnicity: A theoretical framework: Challenges of Measuring an Ethnic World: Science, politics and reality. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. 407–27.

Jack Jedwab, 2014: Canadaʼs ‚Other‘ languages: The Role of Non-Official Languages in Ethnic Persistence. Rethinking Heritage Language Education. Ur. Peter Pericles Trifonas, Themistoklis Aravossitas: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 237–53.

James Kigamwa, 2014: Overcoming Challenges of Language Choice in Heritage Language Development Amongst Multilingual Immigrant Families. Rethinking Heritage Language Education. Ur. Peter Pericles Trifonas, Themistoklis Aravossitas: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 167–79.

Mihaela Knez, Damjana Kern Andoljšek, 2019: Slovenščina za otroke in mladostnike. Letno poročilo 2018. Ur. Mateja Lutar: Ljubljana: Center za slovenščino kot drugi in tuji jezik.

Tadej Kralj, 2020: Slovenščina kot dediščinski jezik v slovenski skupnosti v Torontu. Jezik in slovstvo 65/1. 49–63.

Paul Lewis, Gary Simons, 2010: Assesing Endangerment: Expanding Fishman‘s GIDS. Revue roumaine de linguistique 55. 103–20.

Anthony Liddicoat, Kerry Taylor-Leech, 2014: Micro language planning for multilingual education: agency in local contexts. Current issues in Language Planning 15. 237–44.

Vesna Mikolič, 2015: Etnična identiteta in medkulturna ozaveščenost pri sodobnem slovenskem jezikovnem pouku. Model Tilka za preseganje etničnih konfliktov. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc.

Urad vlade RS za Slovence v zamejstvu in po svetu. Na spletu.

Published

2021-06-30

How to Cite

Kralj, T. (2021) “Implementing Language Planning in Toronto’s Slovene Community”, Slavistična revija, 69(2), pp. 167–181. Available at: https://srl.si/ojs/srl/article/view/3936 (Accessed: 22 November 2024).

Issue

Section

ARTICLES